Pythagoras' theorem
In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a^2+
Why
Your ladder is 5 metres long and its foot stands 3 metres from the wall of the house. How high can you reach?
Measuring is tricky: the ladder leans at an angle and you cannot just run a tape measure up it. But the wall, the ground and the ladder together form a triangle with a right angle.
For a right triangle like that there is a fixed rule. If you know two sides, you can always work out the third. Here you reach a height of 4 metres.
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